In its ruling, the court’s pre-trial chamber stated that there are substantial grounds to believe Duterte is criminally responsible for crimes against humanity, particularly in relation to killings linked to his administration’s anti-drug campaign.
The decision paves the way for a full trial at the Hague-based court. According to the ruling, the case covers dozens of incidents involving multiple victims, with the court asserting that Duterte may have played a direct or indirect role in the alleged crimes.
The judges said he could be held accountable as an indirect co-perpetrator or for ordering, encouraging, or assisting in the commission of the acts. The decision was reached unanimously by a panel of three judges — Iulia Antoanella Motoc, Reine Adélaïde Sophie Alapini Gansou, and Maria del Socorro Flores Liera — marking a significant step in the legal process.
Unlike many court rulings, this confirmation is not automatically appealable, meaning Duterte must first seek permission if he intends to challenge it. With the charges now confirmed, the Rodrigo Duterte ICC trial will proceed to the next stage, where a separate trial chamber will be constituted.
This chamber will oversee proceedings, including preliminary conferences and scheduling. Trials at the ICC typically begin several months after confirmation, giving both the prosecution and defence time to prepare.
An ICC spokesperson, Oriane Maliet, emphasized that the process will remain fair and impartial, noting that the defence will be given adequate time to present its case while ensuring that the rights of victims are respected. When proceedings begin, Duterte will be required to appear before the court, either physically or through an arrangement approved by the judges.
The case is expected to attract significant global attention, given its scale and the profile of the former leader. The Rodrigo Duterte ICC trial represents a major moment in international justice, raising broader questions about accountability, human rights, and the reach of global legal institutions. As the process unfolds, it is likely to remain a focal point in discussions around governance and the rule of law worldwide.
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